BIOGAS AS EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

Two issues a lively discussion by the people of Indonesia and the world today is about the energy crisis and global warming. Impact directly the energy crisis could be felt by our community one of which is increasingly high fuel prices, while demand for the fuel itself has increased, although the source is diminished. As a logical consequence, no energy raw material enables the life cycle will be disrupted. The use of fuel oil & coal was also pointed out as global warming triggers a direct impact on the temperature and weather conditions today. For now there's a simple technology called BIOGAS. Biogas is expected to be a good solution to both problems above.

Is it a Biogas?

Biogas is a gas mixture of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases derived from the decomposition of organic materials like animal dung, human excrement, plant by the bacteria pared to metanogen on a biodigester. So, to produce biogas, biogas plant is needed, called biodigester. Decomposition of organic material occurs in anaerobic (without oxygen). Biogas is formed on days 4 to 5 after biodigester filled, and reached the peak on the day of the 20 - 25. Biogas is produced by biodigester consists mainly of 50 - 70% methane (CH4), 30 - 40% carbon dioxide (CO2), and other gases in small quantities. In other words Biogas is a flammable gas (flammable) generated from the fermentation process of organic materials by anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that live in air-tight condition). In general, all types of organic materials can be processed to produce biogas, but the case of organic matter (solid, liquid) homogeny dung and urine (urine) cattle that are suitable for simple biogas systems. Besides it's also very possible to unite the drain in the bathroom or toilet to the Biogas systems.


Biogas raw material is derived from fermentation of organic materials such as;
Waste plant; Sugar cane, grasses, corn, wheat and other. Waste and production: Oil, rice mill, sago waste.
Industrial waste by product : Tobacco, waste processing fruits and vegetables, bran, sugar cane residue from the sugar and tapioca industries, industrial waste liquid know.


Waste waters : marine algae, water plants
Livestock waste : manure cows, buffaloes, goats and poultry.
In this way industrial wastes can be utilized and not pollute the environment. There are three groups of bacteria that play a role in the formation of biogas, namely:
1. Fermentative bacteria groups: Steptococci, Bacteriodes, and some types Enterobactericeae
2. Group asetogenik bacteria: Desulfovibrio
3. Methane bacteria groups: Mathanobacterium, Mathanobacillus, Methanosacaria, and Methanococcus


Methanogen bacteria naturally be obtained from various sources such as clean water, sea water sediment, cows, goats, mud (sludge) or anaerobic waste landfill (end disposal place).
For several years, rural communities around the world have used to change the biodigester agricultural waste and livestock they owned a gas fuel. In general, the scale used biodigester household. But do not close the possibility to be used on a larger scale (community). Biodigester easy to make and operation. Some of the advantages possessed by biodigester for households and communities, among others:
• Reduce the use of other fuels (kerosene, wood, etc.) by households or communities
• Produce high-quality organic fertilizer as a by product
• Being a sewage treatment methods (raw waste) is good and reduce waste disposal to the environment (water flow / river)
• Improve air quality because it reduces the amount of smoke and burning due Carbondioxide fuel oil / wood
• Economically, cheap in installation and become a profitable investment in the long term



How to make biodigester
Biodigester construction is very simple, but not all of the construction of biogas, biodigester the desired result. The key in making the biodigester is planning.

Various Biodigester
The selection of biodigester adjusted to the needs and abilities of financing / financial.
In terms of construction, biodigester can be divided into:
1. Fixed dome
Has Biodigester fixed volume of gas production that will increase the pressure in the reactor (biodigester). Therefore, in this construction of the gas that is formed will be transferred to a collector outside the reactor gas.

2. Floating dome
In this type of construction is part of the reactor that can move to adjust to the increase in reactor pressure. The movement of the reactor is also a sign he had started gas production in biogas reactors. In this type of reactor, the gas collectors are in a union with these reactors.

Conclusion
Fuel oil prices increased and the diminishing availability and problems of greenhouse gas emissions is a problem faced by the global community. Search efforts will fuel more environmentally friendly and a renewable energy solution of the problem. For that Indonesia is a vast potential for such a large area, is expected to immediately apply biofuels. Biogas is gas produced from Anaerobic Digestion process and has prospects as a substitute energy of fossil fuels dwindle existance.